“My excuse is that I was born and brought up in a typical Tuscan villa which had always been inhabited since, and perhaps before, the fifteenth century when Francesco Sassetti bought it.  Each generation has left a trace but it is essentially Tuscan in its simplicity and adaptability.  To have opened one’s eyes, physical and mental, in such surroundings, and to have watched the garden grow […] as it might have been before the craze for so-called English or landscape gardening overwhelmed it in the nineteenth century, has no doubt influenced my personal vision and attitude.” Acton 1970, 10

 

The garden of Villa La Pietra was created at the beginning of the twentieth century at the behest of Hortense Lenore Mitchell (1871-1962) from Chicago, married to the Londoner Arthur Mario Acton (1873-1953). It is one of the earliest examples of the revisitation / reinvention of the historic Italian garden in Tuscany, which scholars have described as the Renaissance Revival Garden.

When it was created, the fashion for the romantic English-style park, with informal and bucolic compositions inspired by the spontaneity of nature, had already spread widely in Tuscany starting from the first decades of the nineteenth century, as demonstrated by some gardens in Lucca and Pistoia and the gardens of Villa Stibbert, Castello di Vincigliata, Pratolino, and Cascine.

At the turn of the new century, however, the significant Anglo-American presence in Tuscany (about 40,000 expatriates out of 240,000 inhabitants in Florence and its surroundings) prompted a renewed interest in the values ​​and language of the Renaissance and, consequently, in the Italian formal garden, studied in those years by intellectuals such as Janet Ross (1901), Georgina Grahame (1902), Edith Wharton (1904), Vernon Lee (1908), and George Sitwell (1909).

In the same years, …. (click to continue reading)

I. The Actons, Italy, and Florence

In March 1903 Hortense Mitchell undertook a Grand Tour in Central Italy, as shown by the detailed pencil annotations in the Baedeker guide she used as a travel notebook and which is still preserved in the book collections of Villa La Pietra. In a postcard sent to her mother on... Learn More >

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II. Travel Tools and the ‘Garden Books’ of Villa La Pietra

Starting in May 1903, Hortense and Arthur began to explore the peninsula, following the classic itineraries of the Grand Tour, but also taking paths that were less traveled by American and European tourists. The Acton Collection offers the opportunity to fully understand the tools that the couple used during their... Learn More >

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III. The “Garden Pilgrims”’ Itinerary: The Journey to Orvieto, to the Villas in Tusculum and in the Viterbo Area

On the morning of June 22, 1908, the Actons left Villa La Pietra in their Fiat automobile, in the company of two dear friends, experts in works of art and Old Italian Gardens: art historians Charles Loeser and Count Carlo Gamba who was Ispettore of the Gallerie Fiorentine. After a... Learn More >

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IV. The Construction of Villa La Pietra’s Garden

After the studies and the expeditions to discover surviving examples of historic gardens, the actual transformation of the romantic park of Villa La Pietra into a formal Italian garden began in 1907, when the entire property was purchased by Hortense. The construction went on for decades, reaching its peak in... Learn More >

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V. The Garden’s Life

“Real beauty is neither in garden nor landscape, but in the relation of both to the individual, that what we are seeking is not only a scenic setting for pool and fountain and parterre, but a background for life” (Sitwell 1909, 39). While still under construction, the garden of Villa... Learn More >

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VI. From the Mitchell Actons to NYU

“Real beauty is neither in garden nor landscape, but in the relation of both to the individual, that what we are seeking is not only a scenic setting for pool and fountain and parterre, but a background for life” (Sitwell 1909, 39). While still under construction, the garden of Villa... Learn More >

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Abbreviations

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Texts Quoted and Photographed

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Acknowledgements

The exhibition would not have been possible without the digitization project carried out by New York University Florence in collaboration with Centrica – Imagine More. We would like to thank NYU Florence directors Lorenzo Ricci, Perri Klass and Larry Wolff for supporting it and enthusiastically backing this project. Finally, special thanks go to the curator of Villa La Pietra’s garden, Nick Dakin-Elliot, for his precious advice and to Pamela Ferrari, Digital Archivist, for her fundamental contribution on photographic techniques and assistance in the archive. We also thank Scott Palmer for the co-direction of the photo archive digitization project, Marco Del Rocca for the final revision of the Italian texts, Anna Kraczyna for the important English translation, the conservator Stefano Pasolini for the handling of the most fragile materials and all the staff of NYU Florence for its support, in particular Domenico Cannalire, Mario Carcasci, Marija Mihajlovic and Lucia Ferroni. We sincerely thank Andrea Musco for the technical support on the PaTos Center website and Cristina Fantacci for the technical support on the NYU Florence Villa La Pietra website.

We would finally like to greatly thank Tomaso Montanari and Alessandra Giannotti, from the Università per Stranieri di Siena, for their support and collaboration in the creation of  this exhibition since the its early stages.